| Total carotenoid content | QTL | Concentration of all carotenoids in the storage root |
| Vernalization requirement | MTL | A trait where the plant requires a period of time of reduced temperature to induce flowering. Lack of this trait results in an annual flowering habit |
| Xanthophyll content | QTL | Concentration of xanthophylls in the storage root |
| Y | MTL | Y/- low carotenoid accumulation in roots; y/y high carotenoid accumulation in roots |
| Y2 | MTL | Y2/- Yellow root; y2/y2 Orange root |
| yellow leaf | MTL | yellow leaf color due to chlorophyll deficiency |
| α-Carotene content | QTL | Concentration of α-carotene in the storage root |
| β-Carotene content | QTL | Concentration of β-carotene in the storage root |
| β-Carotene: Total | QTL | The ratio of β-carotene to total carotenoids in the storage root |
| 𝛾-Carotene content | QTL | Concentration of 𝛾-carotene in the storage root |
| ζ-Carotene content | QTL | Concentration of ζ-carotene in the storage root |
